La modalidad de actividad físico-deportiva practicada determina el nivel de atención dividida en adultos jóvenes / O tipo de atividade físico-esportiva praticada determina o nível de atenção dividida em adultos jovens / The type of physical-sports activity practised determis the level of divided attention among young adults

El propósito del presente estudio fue determinar las diferencias en el nivel de atención dividida en función de la modalidad de práctica físico-deportiva realizada. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 610 deportistas (66.55% género femenino), con edades entre 20 y 35 años (M ± DT = 22.53 ± 2.72). Para evaluar la atención dividida se utilizó el Test de Círculos, el cual pertenece al software Procesos Atencionales y que está alojado en la plataforma de evaluación online MenPas 1.0 (www.menpas.com). Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de relieve que la práctica de actividad físico-deportiva de tipo colectiva estuvo asociada a una mejor puntuación en el Test de Círculos, encontrándose las mayores diferencias entre las modalidades colectivas e individuales. Estos hallazgos sugieren que practicar actividades físico-deportivas de tipo colectivo, debido a las características de estos deportes, podría contribuir a un mejor desarrollo de capacidades cognitivas como la atención dividida. (AU)

This study aims to determine the differences in levels of dividided attention according to the type of physical-sports activity practised. The sample consisted of 610 athletes (66.55% females) aged between 20 and 35 years (M ± DT = 22.53 ± 2.72). Divided attention was assessed using The Circles Test of the Attentional Processes software hosted on the MenPas 1.0 online assessment platform (www.menpas.com). The result show that the practice of collective physical-sport activity was associated with a better score in the Circles Test, with the greatest differences being between collective and individual modalities. These findings suggest that due to the characteristics of these collective physical-sports, they may contribute to improve Development of cognitive abilities such as divided attention. (AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi determinar as diferenças no nível de atenção dividido de acordo com a modalidade de prática físico-esportiva realizada. A amostra foi composta por 610 atletas (66,55% do sexo feminino), com idade entre 20 e 35 anos(M ± SD = 22,53 ± 2,72). Para avaliar a atenção dividida, foi utilizado o Teste dos Círculos, que pertence ao software Processos de Atenção e está hospedado na plataforma de avaliação online MenPas 1.0 (www.menpas.com). Os resultados obtidos destacaram que a prática de atividade físico-esportiva coletiva esteve associada a uma melhor pontuação no Teste de Círculos, sendo as maiores diferenças encontradas entre as modalidades coletiva e individual. Esses achados sugerem que a prática de atividades físico-esportivas coletivas, devido às características desses esportes, poderia contribuir para um melhor desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas como a atenção dividida. (AU)

Validación de un protocolo de Finger Tapping Test Informatizado / Validation of a Computerized Finger Tapping Test protocol

El Finger Tapping Test (FTT) es una prueba neurofisiológica con largo bagaje en el campo de la neuropsicología, utilizada para examinar el control motor. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue validar una versión informatizada del FTT, estimando su validez concurrente con pruebas estandarizadas de ansiedad y ansiedad precompetitiva. Formaron parte del estudio 102 participantes, de los cuales 47 practicaban actividad físico-deportiva de forma habitual y 55 no. El 34’31% de la muestra fueron hombres y el 65’68% mujeres. Se utilizaron dos versiones informáticas del FTT, junto a los cuestionarios Inventario del Estado de Ansiedad en Competición-2 (CSAI2), Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI), Inventario de Situaciones y Respuestas de Ansiedad (ISRA), Inventario de Ansiedad Competitiva (SCAT) y Cuestionario de Regulación Emocional (ERQ). Se encontraron correlaciones entre los pulsos de la modalidad clásica y versión movimiento y con algunas de las escalas de los cuestionarios utilizados como fue supresión emocional, ansiedad cognitiva y somática y, especialmente, autoconfianza. Los resultados obtenidos ponen de relieve la alta validez concurrente del programa. (AU)

The Finger Tapping Test (FTT) is a neurophysiological test with a long history in the field of neuropsychology, used to examine motor control. The objective of the present investigation was to validate a computerized version of the FTT, estimating its concurrent validity with standardized tests of anxiety and precompetitive anxiety. A total of 102 participants took part in the study, of which 47 practiced physical activity and sports on a regular basis, and 55 did not. 34.31% of the sample were men and 65.68% were women. Two computerized versions of the FTT were used, along with the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory 2 (CSAI2), State-Trait Anxiety Questionnaire (STAI), Situation and Response Anxiety Inventory (ISRA), Competitive Anxiety Inventory (SCAT) and Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ). Correlations were found between the pulses of the classic modality and movement version and with some of the scales of the questionnaires used, such as emotional suppression, cognitive and somatic anxiety, and, especially, self-confidence. The results show that the FTT has stability in terms of its evaluation, as well as high concurrent validit (AU)

El tipo de deporte practicado determina el nivel de atención selectiva en adultos jóvenes / O tipo de esporte praticado determina o nível de atenção seletiva em adultos jovens / The type of sport practiced determines the level of selective attention in young adults

El propósito principal del presente trabajo fue determinar las diferencias existentes en atención selectiva entre personas que practicaban regularmente diferentes modalidades de actividad físico-deportiva. La muestra estuvo compuesta por un total de 1038 participantes siendo el 68.30% (n=709) mujeres y el 31.70% (n=329) hombres, con edades comprendidasentre 20 y 29 años (M ± DT = 22.54 ± 2.35). Para evaluar la atención selectiva se utilizó un test informatizado de tachado numérico (matriz 5x5), que forma parte del software Procesos Atencionales y que se encuentra alojado en la Plataforma de Evaluación Psicosocial MenPas 1.0. (www.menpas.com). Los resultados pusieron de relieve la existencia de diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los tipos de deporte en el tiempo de ejecución de la prueba realizada. Específicamente, los practicantes de deportes individuales empleaban más tiempo en la ejecución de la tarea que los que realizaban deportes colectivos (Z = −2.46; p = .014, Cohen’s d = .23, 95% CI (.07, .38)) o de adversario (Z = −2.11; p = .035, Cohen’s d = .19, 95% CI (.01, .38)). En concreto, aquellos que jugaban al pádel y al fútbol fueron los que mejores tiempos de ejecución obtuvieron. Los resultados obtenidos pusieron de relieve que la modalidad de deporte practicado podría tener un impacto diferencial en el desarrollo cognitivo, específicamente en la atención selectiva. (AU)

The main purpose of this study was to determine the differences in selective attention between people who regularly practiced different forms of physical-sports activity. The sample consisted of a total of 1,038 participants, 68.30% (n=709) being women and 31.70% (n=329) being men, aged between 20 and 29 years (M ± SD = 22.54 ± 2.35). The evaluate selective attention, a computerized numerical cross-out test (a 5x5 matrix) was used, which is part of the Attentional Processes software and is hosted on the MenPas 1.0 Psychosocial Assessment Platform. (www.menpas.com). The results highlighted the existence of statistically significant differences between the types of sport in the execution time of the test performed. Specifically, individual sports practitioners spent more time performing the task than those who performed team sports (Z= −2.46; p= .014, Cohen'sd= .23, 95% CI (.07, .38)) or adversary(Z= −2.11; p= .035, Cohen'sd= .19, 95% CI (.01, .38)). Specifically, those who played paddle tennis and soccer were the ones who obtained the best execution times. The results obtained highlighted that the type of sport practiced could have a differentialimpact on cognitive development, specifically on selective attention. (AU)

O objetivo principal deste estudo foi determinar as diferenças na atenção seletiva entre pessoas que praticavam regularmente diferentes formas de atividade físico-esportiva. A amostra foi composta por um total de 1.038 participantes, sendo 68,30% (n=709) mulheres e 31,70% (n=329) homens, com idade entre 20 e 29 anos (M ± DP = 22,54 ± 2,35). Para avaliar a atenção seletiva, foi utilizado um teste numérico computadorizado cruzado (uma matriz 5x5), que faz parte do software Processos de Atenção e está hospedado na Plataforma de Avaliação Psicossocial MenPas 1.0. (www.menpas.com). Os resultados evidenciaram a existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os tipos de esporte no tempo de execução do teste realizado. Especificamente, os praticantes de esportes individuais gastaram mais tempo realizando a tarefa do que aqueles que realizaram esportes coletivos (Z= −2,46; p= 0,014, Cohen'sd= 0,23, IC 95% (0,07, 0,38)) ou adversário (Z = −2,11; p= 0,035, d de Cohen= 0,19, IC de 95% (0,01, 0,38)). Especificamente, aqueles que jogaram paddle e futebol foram os que obtiveram os melhores tempos de execução. Os resultados obtidos destacaram que o tipo de esporte praticado pode ter um impacto diferencial no desenvolvimento cognitivo, especificamente na atenção seletiva. (AU)

Kerker Conditions upon Lossless, Absorption, and Optical Gain Regimes.

The directionality and polarization of light show peculiar properties when the scattering by a dielectric sphere can be described exclusively by electric and magnetic dipolar modes. Particularly, when these modes oscillate in phase with equal amplitude, at the so-called first Kerker condition, the zero optical backscattering condition emerges for nondissipating spheres. However, the role of absorption and optical gain in the first Kerker condition remains unexplored. In this work, we demonstrate that either absorption or optical gain precludes the first Kerker condition and, hence, the absence of backscattered radiation light, regardless of the particle's size, incident wavelength, and incoming polarization. Finally, we derive the necessary prerequisites of the second Kerker condition of the zero forward light scattering, finding that optical gain is a compulsory requirement.

A Josephson phase battery.

A classical battery converts chemical energy into a persistent voltage bias that can power electronic circuits. Similarly, a phase battery is a quantum device that provides a persistent phase bias to the wave function of a quantum circuit. It represents a key element for quantum technologies based on phase coherence. Here we demonstrate a phase battery in a hybrid superconducting circuit. It consists of an n-doped InAs nanowire with unpaired-spin surface states, that is proximitized by Al superconducting leads. We find that the ferromagnetic polarization of the unpaired-spin states is efficiently converted into a persistent phase bias φ0 across the wire, leading to the anomalous Josephson effect1,2. We apply an external in-plane magnetic field and, thereby, achieve continuous tuning of φ0. Hence, we can charge and discharge the quantum phase battery. The observed symmetries of the anomalous Josephson effect in the vectorial magnetic field are in agreement with our theoretical model. Our results demonstrate how the combined action of spin-orbit coupling and exchange interaction induces a strong coupling between charge, spin and superconducting phase, able to break the phase rigidity of the system.

Asymmetry and spin-orbit coupling of light scattered from subwavelength particles.

Light scattering and spin-orbit angular momentum coupling phenomena from subwavelength objects, with electric and magnetic dipolar responses, are receiving an increasing interest. Under illumination by circularly polarized light, spin-orbit coupling effects have been shown to lead to significant shifts between the measured and actual position of particles. Here we show that the remarkable angular dependence of these "optical mirages" and those of the intensity, degree of circular polarization (DoCP), and spin and orbital angular momentum of scattered photons are all linked, and fully determined, by the dimensionless "asymmetry parameter" g, being independent of the specific optical properties of the scatterer. Interestingly, for g≠0, the maxima of the optical mirage and angular momentum exchange take place at different scattering angles. We further show that the g parameter is exactly half of the DoCP at a right-angle scattering, which opens the possibility to infer the whole angular properties of the scattered fields by a single far-field polarization measurement.